Quotation

Today is the last class, everyone must have their own quotation to give to my lecturer as the memories for our lesson in this semester 4. so, my quotation is really simple and of course it is about CRITICAL.

" CRITICAL THINKING DRIVE ME CRAZY TO PRODUCE A GREAT IDEA "

       

             -farhanaDEC4A-

Al Hijab ( The Malay Muvie )

My lecturer told us to come out with the movie that relate with the Plato's Myth of the cave. i do with my pair, we choose the horror movie it is AL HIJAB from malay movie. But, this movie is not familiar in my class, we just explained to them about this movie.

 AL-HIJAB is about the man who got the offered to be actress in horror movie.But, he doesn't have any feeling and do not believe about the ghost until he can saw it. He tried went to the place that have a ghost according the people said but when he went there, there's nothing he can see. Until one day, he heard about HIJAB which is when it be opened, the man can see the ghost. To open his HIJAB, he needs to see the old lady in the village. He went there and the old lady brought him to one place which is many ghost at there. The old lady ask his permission to opened his HIJAB and he just obey with that. After his HIJAB was opened, he feel hurts in his eyes and then when he opened his eyes he can see the ghost. He was very excited although sometimes the ghost make him shocked. Then, the old lady asked his permission again to close his HIJAB because only the old lady can closed it. But,the man refuse to close it and request the opportunity from the old lady to give him a chance to see the other ghost. The old lady agreed with the request and told him to see her in a few days to close the HIJAB. At the end of the story, when the man could not stand with his eyes that can see the ghost everywhere, he went back to the village and want to see the old lady. When he was arrived at there, he got know that the old lady was died. He was very shocked because the only one who can closed his HIJAB is the old lady. 

AL HIJAB movie that relates to Plato's Myth of the cave

1. The perisoners  - the man (Rafael)
2. The Chains  - Hijab
3. The shadows and the images - The ghost that the man cannot see
4. The puppet players - The God
5. The old man - The old woman who opened hijab to the man

Plato's "Myth of the cave" is an argument that we can't be sure we know reality. This story illustrates Plato's idealism. The objects we see, hear, touch are shadows of the real things. The reason is human beings don't have a full sense of a real and complete life because of the world.

In this story, Plato use a dialog between a teacher and student, it describes a group of prisoners chained inside a cave, sit behind a fire, they can't see each other or the nature of reality, or the heavens, only able to look forward. The fire casts shadows on the cave wall, which they see and it is the only reality they know. They can't truly comprehend what they see, as they are prevented from its true source and nature. One day one of the prisoners having managed to free himself from his chains escape from the cave and see the truth. He will at first be blinded by the brightness of the world. But after some time and effort, he will be able to see anything that resembled what he knew as reality before. He will be able to see the entire world around him, and appreciate the beauty of the world. Through this knowledge he will become aware of his place in the world. Finally he goes back again into the darkened cave to tell the people still chained up in the cave about the real word outside. Accustomed to the outside world full of nature light, the rescuer in the darkness of the cave and looks foolish to those inside. The cave dwellers laughing at him for his crazy ideas and insist that they are perfectly happy where they are. They would not believe and would ridicule him, and if they could lay hands on him, they would kill him. However, the prisoner would know what is right, even if all those around him disbelieve it.

In Plato's "Myth of the cave" points a person who is set free, and goes out to see the real world, and what lies behind the shadows of light that we see. Having been enlightened to the nature of reality, it is not easy to explain this to others. Humans in their unenlightened beginnings are symbolized as imprisoned at the back of a dark cave. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. Escape into the outside the cave symbolizes the transition to the real world, the world of full and perfect being, the world of forms, which is the proper object of knowledge.

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.

After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.

At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.

In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.

In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.

After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.

Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works includeSpecial Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War?(1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.

Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.

Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.

Working with argument

You hear arguments of all kinds throughout the day. In this lesson , i will learn how to recognize the components of a deductive argument  and how differs from an inductive argument.

Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning consist of making observation and then drawing conclusions based on those observations.

Inductive reasoning starts from observation and evidence and leads to a conclusion.

using inductive reasoning generally involves the following questions :

• What have you observed ? what evidence is available?
• What can you conclude from that evidence?
• Is that Conclusion logical?

Deductive reasoning

Unlike inductive reasoning, which moves from specific evidence to a general conclusion, deductive reasoning does opposite . it generally moves from a conclusion to the evidence for that conclusion.

In other words, deductive reasoning involves asking :

• What is the Conclusion ?
• What is the evidence?
• Is the evidence logical?

Syllogism

SYLLOGISM is a type of formal logic argument in which only three sentences (called propositions) are 


employed :


1. the major premise asserts a general relationship


2. the minor asserts something about a specific case and


3. the conclusion follows ( is deduced from ) the two premises.

My lecturer told me to come out with our own Syllogism in Antony's Speech 

for example, this is my Syllogism

Caesar is an ambitious 

he thrise to refuce a kingly crown

Thus, Caesar is not an ambitious man.

The Assassination of Julius Caesar

Caesar was a politician and general of the late Roman republic, who greatly extended the Roman empire before seizing power and making himself dictator of Rome, paving the way for the imperial system.Caesar then returned to Italy, disregarding the authority of the senate and famously crossing the Rubicon river without disbanding his army. In the ensuing civil war Caesar defeated the republican forces. Pompey, their leader, fled to Egypt where he was assassinated. Caesar followed him and became romantically involved with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra.Caesar was now master of Rome and made himself consul and dictator. He used his power to carry out much-needed reform, relieving debt, enlarging the senate, building the Forum Iulium and revising the calendar. Dictatorship was always regarded a temporary position but in 44 BC, Caesar took it for life. His success and ambition alienated strongly republican senators. A group of these, led by Cassius and Brutus, assassinated Caesar on the Ides (15) of March 44 BC. This sparked the final round of civil wars that ended the Republic and brought about the elevation of Caesar's great nephew and designated heir, Octavian, as Augustus, the first emperorJulius Caesar was born in Rome on 12 or 13 July 100 BC into the prestigious Julian clan. His family were closely connected with the Marian faction in Roman politics. Caesar himself progressed within the Roman political system, becoming in succession quaestor (69), aedile (65) and praetor (62). In 61-60 BC he served as governor of the Roman province of Spain. Back in Rome in 60, Caesar made a pact with Pompey and Crassus, who helped him to get elected as consul for 59 BC. The following year he was appointed governor of Roman Gaul where he stayed for eight years, adding the whole of modern France and Belgium to the Roman empire, and making Rome safe from the possibility of Gallic invasions. He made two expeditions to Britain, in 55 BC and 54 BC.